Rhizarthrosis

Rhizarthrosis: Understanding and Managing Osteoarthritis of the Thumb

Introduction

Rhizarthrosis is a form of osteoarthritis located at the base of the thumb. The term is derived from the Greek words "rhiza" meaning "root" and "arthron" meaning "joint." It affects the trapeziometacarpal joint, where the first metacarpal bone of the thumb meets the small trapezium bone of the wrist. It is a common condition, especially in people over the age of 50, and it affects women more often than men. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for this common joint condition.

Causes of Rhizarthrosis

Rhizarthrosis is primarily caused by the wear and tear of the cartilage that covers the ends of the bones in the joint. Over time, the cartilage thins and disappears, causing bone to rub against bone, causing pain and inflammation. Several factors can contribute to the development of this condition:

1. Age : Aging is the main risk factor, as cartilage naturally wears down over time.
2. Gender : Women are more likely to develop rhizarthrosis, probably due to hormonal and anatomical factors.
3. Genetic predispositions : A family history of osteoarthritis may increase the risk.
4. Repetitive activities : Repetitive movements or excessive pressure on the thumb joint can accelerate the wear and tear of cartilage.
5. Previous trauma : Injuries or fractures to the joint can predispose to osteoarthritis.

Symptoms of Rhizarthrosis

Symptoms of rhizarthrosis vary depending on the severity of the condition, but the most common signs include:

• Pain at the base of the thumb : This pain may be constant or occur only when using the thumb.
• Stiffness and reduced mobility : Patients may experience limitation of thumb movement, particularly in the morning or after a period of inactivity.
• Swelling and inflammation : The joint may appear swollen and tender to the touch.
• Deformity : In advanced cases, the joint may become deformed, giving the thumb a bowed or deviated appearance.
• Loss of strength : The ability to grasp or pinch objects may be reduced.

Diagnosis of Rhizarthrosis

Diagnosis of rhizarthrosis is based on a physical examination and imaging tests. The doctor may perform mobility tests to assess pain and joint function. X-rays are often used to visualize the extent of cartilage wear and associated bone changes. In some cases, an MRI may be recommended for a more detailed evaluation.

Treatments for Rhizarthrosis

Treatment of rhizarthrosis depends on the severity of symptoms and the impact on the patient's quality of life. Treatment options include:

1. Conservative measures :

   • Medications : Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain and inflammation. Corticosteroid injections may also be given for temporary relief.
   • Orthotics : Wearing a splint or brace can stabilize the joint and reduce pain.
   • Physiotherapy : Specific exercises can improve mobility and strengthen surrounding muscles.
2. Surgical treatments :
   • Arthroplasty : Partial or total replacement of the joint with a prosthesis.
   • Osteotomy : Realignment of bones to reduce pressure on the joint.
   • Joint fusion : Immobilization of the joint to eliminate pain.

Prevention and Management

There is no sure way to prevent rhizarthrosis, but there are some steps you can take to help slow its progression and manage symptoms:

• Maintaining a healthy weight : Reducing pressure on joints.
• Ergonomic practices : Avoid repetitive movements and use suitable tools.
• Regular exercises : Maintain strength and flexibility in hands and wrists.

Conclusion

Rhizarthrosis is a common condition that can significantly affect quality of life. While there is no definitive cure, proper management can relieve symptoms and improve joint function. If you are experiencing pain at the base of your thumb, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. By taking proactive steps, it is possible to live comfortably with this condition.